By Dorcas Omidoyin
Low blood pressure, or hypotension, can be a sign of good health, particularly when it occurs without symptoms. However, persistently low or suddenly dropping blood pressure may signal underlying health issues and require medical attention.
Understanding Blood Pressure Readings
Blood pressure is measured in two numbers:
- Systolic Pressure (top number): Pressure in arteries when the heart pumps.
- Diastolic Pressure (bottom number): Pressure in arteries when the heart rests.
A reading below 90/60 mmHg is generally considered hypotension. For some, this may be normal and symptom-free, but in others, it can reduce oxygen supply to vital organs and become life-threatening.
Types and Symptoms of Hypotension
- Types:
- Orthostatic Hypotension: A drop in blood pressure when standing up, often seen in older adults.
- Shock-related Hypotension: A medical emergency caused by severe blood loss, infection, or allergic reaction.
- Symptoms:
- Dizziness, fainting, fatigue
- Blurry vision, confusion
- Heart palpitations, shortness of breath
Causes
Hypotension may result from:
- Dehydration or significant blood loss
- Pregnancy or prolonged bed rest
- Certain medications, including heart and blood pressure drugs
- Heart issues (e.g., slow heartbeat, valve problems)
- Endocrine disorders (e.g., hypothyroidism, low blood sugar)
- Severe infections or nutrient deficiencies
Management and Treatment
- Immediate steps: Drink more water, avoid triggers, or wear compression stockings.
- Medical interventions: Adjust medications, consider dietary changes, or take prescribed blood pressure-raising drugs.
- Emergency care: Required for shock-related hypotension to restore blood flow and raise pressure levels.
When to See a Doctor
Consult a healthcare provider if you:
- Experience recurrent symptoms like dizziness or fainting.
- Have a sudden blood pressure drop with symptoms.
- Notice unexplained, persistent low readings.
Prevention and Monitoring
- Stay hydrated and avoid prolonged standing.
- Monitor your blood pressure regularly to understand your normal range.
- Seek medical advice for any persistent or unexplained changes.
Takeaway: While hypotension can sometimes reflect good health, it’s essential to identify potential causes, monitor symptoms, and seek medical guidance if necessary to prevent complications.